The UNFCCC Secretariat published its first synthesis of countries’ biennial transparency reports (BTRs) – a milestone in the implementation of the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement (ETF), which provides an initial picture of progress in implementing the accord. The synthesis report includes information on: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals; tracking progress in implementing and achieving nationally determined contributions (NDCs); climate change impacts and adaptation; and financial, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building support.

Titled, ‘Biennial Transparency Reports and National Inventory Reports,’ the synthesis (FCCC/PA/CMA/2025/16) “offers an insight into the diverse national approaches to implementation…, including enablers that have driven progress and successes that can be built on, but also barriers yet to be overcome.” It is based on information and data contained in 101 BTRs.

The report reveals that all countries that submitted their first BTRs have taken steps to implement their NDCs and that many are taking initial steps towards net-zero and climate-resilient futures. Collectively, countries reported about 3,404 different policies being implemented at the time of reporting, in line with their respective NDCs. Over 60% of these policies are in the energy and transportation sectors.

“Across every region, countries are putting the Paris Agreement into action – through stronger policies, new institutions, and whole-of-society approaches that are driving change in the real economy,” said UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell in a statement on the launch of the report.

The report shows progress in areas ranging from renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy efficiency to reforestation, emission trading schemes (ETSs), and adaptation. However, it finds that greater and faster action is needed to ensure full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement.

Among the enablers of accelerated global implementation, the report identifies more and higher quality climate finance, strong data and transparency systems, and inclusive and just transitions to ensure more people enjoy the human and economic benefits of stronger climate actions. At the same time, capacity and data gaps, and a persistent shortfall in finance and technology support for developing nations emerge as barriers.

Together with the UNFCCC reports on National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and nationally determined contributions (NDCs), the BTR synthesis report points to the increasing evidence of whole-of-economy and whole-of-society climate planning, implementation, and policymaking, Stiell highlight in his statement. “These initial reports mark the beginning of a new era of enhanced transparency that will enable more informed decision-making and data-driven climate action,” he stated.

The UNFCCC also released an update to the recent NDC synthesis report, which includes all 86 NDCs submitted to date. Total global GHG emissions in 2035 are projected to be around 12% lower than 2019 levels. Without these commitments, emissions would increase 20-48% by 2035 compared to 2019 levels, according to the report.

The BTR synthesis report was issued on 31 October, ahead of the 2025 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 30) in Belém, Brazil, taking place from 10-21 November. [Publication: Biennial Transparency Reports and National Inventory Reports: Synthesis Report by the Secretariat] [Publication Landing Page]