The UNFCCC Secretariat has released a report synthesizing information from the 64 new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) communicated by parties to the Paris Agreement on climate change and recorded in the NDC registry between 1 January 2024 and 30 September 2025. While the data cover only around 30% of total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2019, the report “provides new indications of real and increasing progress on action to address climate change.”

The report (FCCC/PA/CMA/2025/8) notes that the NDCs “are setting out new national climate targets, and plans to achieve them, that differ in pace and scale to any that have come before.” It finds countries “are bending their combined emission curve further downward, but still not quickly enough,” pointing to the need for “major acceleration” to deliver faster and deeper emission cuts while ensuring that the “benefits of strong climate action reach all countries and peoples.”

The report acknowledges that the limited data set precludes “wide-ranging global-level conclusions or inferences.” Based on the NDCs synthesized, it draws lessons about progress being made and major challenges ahead.

The report highlights that the new NDCs demonstrate an improvement in quality, credibility, and economic coverage, with 89% communicating economy-wide targets. Many of the new NDCs include responses to the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake (GST), according to the report, with 88% of countries stating their NDCs were informed by the GST outcomes – and 80% explaining how.

The report reveals that the emissions trajectories outlined in the new NDCs “are broadly consistent with a linear trajectory from the [countries’] 2030 targets to their long-term net zero targets, showing that [countries] are laying out clear stepping-stones towards net zero.”

Other findings include:

• Collectively, the new NDCs amount to a reduction in projected emissions of 17% (11-24) below 2019 levels;
• All NDCs go beyond mitigation to cover adaptation, finance, technology transfer, capacity building, and loss and damage, among other elements;
• Adaptation and resilience are more prominent, with 73% of the new NDCs containing an adaptation component; and
• Implementation of the new NDCs calls for strong, continuous international cooperation, as well as new and innovative approaches to unlock and scale finance and support for developing countries.

“While the direction of travel is improving every year, we have a serious need for more speed, and for helping more countries take stronger climate actions,” said UNFCCC Executive Secretary Simon Stiell in a statement on the report’s launch. “That acceleration must start now,” he urged.

The report was issued in preparation for the 2025 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 30), taking place in Belém, Brazil, from 10-21 November. [Publication: Nationally Determined Contributions Under the Paris Agreement: Synthesis Report by the Secretariat] [Publication Landing Page] [NDC Registry]