15 May 2012: The UNFCCC Secretariat has released the report of the centralized review of the 2011 annual submission of Monaco (FCCC/ARR/2011/MCO), which indicates that total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decreased by 15.7% between 1990 and 2009, and that the energy sector accounted for 96.3% of total GHG emissions.

Monaco’s annual submission contains: its GHG inventory, comprising common reporting format (CRF) tables and a national inventory report (NIR); and supplementary information under Kyoto Protocol Article 7.1 (reporting of various supplementary information). The Expert Review Team (ERT) that conducted the centralized review concludes that Monaco’s inventory submission is complete and was prepared and reported in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines. It also concludes that the GHG inventory is generally in line with the various guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with the exception of certain areas.

The ERT also formulated recommendations relating the methodologies for estimating emissions, including reporting the uncertainty for the LULUCF sector, and reporting the carbon stock changes in both dead biomass and mineral soils. It also suggests increasing the transparency of the information on: international aviation bunkers, public electricity and heat production, the residential and commercial/institutional categories, and road transportation; emissions from electrical, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment; and on the incineration of biowaste from parks and gardens in the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. [Publication: Report of the Individual Review of the Annual Submission of Monaco Submitted in 2011]