28 November 2011: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published a working paper titled “Monitoring and Evaluation for Adaptation: Lessons from Development Co-operation Agencies,” that explores monitoring and evaluation frameworks used by six development cooperation agencies in 106 adaptation-related projects and programmes.

The paper, by Nicolina Lamhauge, Eliza Lanzi and Shardul Agrawala, finds that Result Based Management and the Logical Framework Approach are the most common monitoring and evaluation approaches used to differentiate among outcomes, outputs and activities. It additionally finds that measurement and evaluation frameworks for adaptation should combine qualitative, quantitative and binary indicators and that indicator baselines should include effects of future climate change, especially for projects with longer-term implications, such as infrastructure investment. The authors note that shifting baselines, attribution and time lags between interventions and outcomes still represent significant challenges for these frameworks. [Publication: Monitoring and Evaluation for Adaptation: Lessons from Development Co-operation Agencies]